裝載機幾種常用油品簡介

裝載機經常使用到的油品主要有發動機機油、發動機柴油、變矩器／變速箱用油（液力傳動油）、驅動橋用油、液壓系統使用的液壓油、各鉸接銷使用的潤滑脂，正確選擇和使用這些油品對維持各系統的正常運轉、降低磨損，延長機器使用壽命具有重要的意義。

1.發動機機油
目前國際上廣泛采用的機油黏度分級是SAE的分級標準，例如SAE5W／40或SAEl5W／40，“W”表示winter（冬季），其前面的數字越小，說明機油的黏度越稀，流動性越好，在、冷啟動時對發動機的保護作用越好。“W”后面的數字則是機油耐高溫的指標，數值越大，說明機油在高溫下的保護性能越好，較高黏度的機油對運動系的阻力也相對較高，不但耗費功率，增加油耗，而且機油容易氧化，影響冷啟動時的保護。
Currently widely used international oil SAE viscosity grade is grading standards, such SAE5W / 40 or SAEl5W / 40, "W" indicates winter (winter), the smaller the number preceding it, indicating that the more dilute the viscosity of the oil, the more liquidity good, when the engine cold start, the better protective effect against. "W" behind the numbers is the oil temperature indicator,the greater the value, indicating that the oil protection at high temperature, the better the performance, the higher viscosity of the oil on the resistance movement system is also relatively high, not only consume power, increase fuel consumption , and the oil is easily oxidized, affect the protection of cold startup.

2.發動機柴油
一般使用含硫量低于0.5%的柴油，如果含硫量高，將縮短換機油的周期。一般裝載機柴油采用GB252―1994規定的輕柴油，它適用于全負荷轉速1000r／min以上的高速柴油機。
Usually less than 0.5% sulfur-containing diesel fuel, if the sulfur content is high, the oil change period would be shortened. General provisions loader diesel use GB252-1994 light diesel oil,which is suitable for full load speed 1000r / min or more high-speed diesel engines.

3、液力傳動油
液力傳動油是液力變矩器能量傳遞的介質，可以做變速箱的齒輪和軸承的潤滑油，作為變速箱摩擦離合器的液壓油，作為變矩器、變速箱的冷卻液。液力傳動油正常工作溫度為82～95℃之間，有時可達120℃左右，因對液力傳動用的油品有特殊要求。
Hydraulic torque converter transmission oil is energy transfer medium, can be done gearbox gear and bearing lubricants, as a friction clutch gearbox hydraulic oil, as the torque converter,transmission coolant. Hydraulic transmission oil between the normal operating temperature of 82 ~ 95 ℃, sometimes up to about 120 ℃, because of the oil used in hydraulic transmission with special requirements.

4.驅動橋用油
我國車輛齒輪油質量分類標準GB7631.7～95參照API的質量等級分類分為CLC、CLD、CLE三種，其中CLE相當于APL分類中的GL～5級。一般裝載機驅動橋用齒輪油建議采用CLＥ級。裝載機驅動橋剎車油（非全液壓制動）一般采用GB1298191中規定的HZY3合成制動液，相當于API中規定的SAEL703C油。
Quality grade of vehicle gear oil quality classification standards GB7631.7 ~ 95 API reference classification into CLC, CLD, CLE three, including CLE equivalent APL classification GL-Class to 5.General loader drive axle gear oil recommended CLE level. Loader drive axle brake fluid (non-hydraulic brake) generally use GB12981? HZY3 synthetic brake fluid 91 in the prescribed oil equivalent SAEL703C specified in API.

5.液壓油
粘度是液壓油的重要性能指標，因為粘度越低，動力損失越小，機械效率越高；而粘度低，容積效率也隨之降低，所以最佳粘度符合軸承和液壓泵磨損最小的要求，同時也要考慮低溫性能。國產液壓油一般選擇GB11118.1 94中規定的礦物油型和合成烴型液壓油。由于裝載機工作條件惡劣，工作負荷大，液壓油油溫度較高，一般采用高級抗磨液壓油L HM32和L HM46型號，低溫條件下推薦使用低凝液壓油L HV32和L HV46型號。
Viscosity of the hydraulic oil is an important performance indicator, because the lower the viscosity, the smaller the power loss, the higher mechanical efficiency; while low viscosity, volumetric efficiency decreases, so the optimum viscosity and pump bearing wear meets the minimum requirements, while also consider the low temperature performance. Domestic oil will generally choose GB11118.1 94 specified in mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon type hydraulic oil. Due to the harsh conditions loader work, work load, high hydraulic oil temperature, generally using advanced

anti-wear hydraulic oil L HM32 and L HM46 models, at low temperatures is recommended to use low pour hydraulic oil L HV32 and L HV46 models.

6.潤滑脂
國外使用的是一種多用途油脂，含有1%－5%的二硫化鉬，并且它還是一種合適的抗腐蝕劑。這種油脂適合各種鉸銷、關節軸承、擺動架軸承、傳動軸等，用途十分廣泛。此油脂必須是高級鋰基與E.P.添加劑的混合物，在整個工作范圍內，具有化學性能穩定、不硬化、不泄漏或不滴落等特點。
Is a versatile use of foreign fats, containing 1% to 5% molybdenum disulfide, and it is also a suitable anti-corrosive. This grease for a variety of hinge pins, bearings, swing frame bearings,drive shafts, etc., use very extensive. This must be a mixture of oil and Advanced lithium-based EP additives, over the entire operating range, with stable chemical properties, does not harden,does not leak or drip characteristics.